animal spirits
The term "animal spirits" has evolved from a historical concept in physiology to a key idea in economics, describing the non-rational factors influencing human behavior.
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Definition
C1Economics
(technical, academic)Emotional and psychological factors that drive economic decisions, such as investor confidence and consumer behavior.
Example
- Market fluctuations are often influenced by the animal spirits of investors.
- Keynes emphasized the role of animal spirits in driving economic cycles.
C2Historical Physiology
(historical, scientific)Vital force or energy believed to be responsible for physical movement and sensation in living organisms.
Example
- In ancient medicine, animal spirits were thought to flow through the nerves, enabling movement.
- Galen's theories on animal spirits influenced medical understanding for centuries.
B2General
(informal)Vivacity, energy, and good humor often associated with physical health and a lively disposition.
Example
- Her animal spirits were evident as she danced joyfully at the party.
- Children are often full of animal spirits, running and playing energetically.